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NBC Universal, Inc., was
created on September 9, 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as
the National Broadcasting Company, Inc., and began its operations on
November 15, 1926. NBC managed the radio stations of RCA, General Electric
Company (GE), Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company and American
Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T).
On January 1, 1927 the
Blue network, the second NBC network, began broadcasting while the network
created in 1926 was renamed the Red network. The Red network broadcasted
the most popular shows while the Blue network carried more cultured
programs. Also that same day, NBC made the first coast to coast network
broadcast. During a short period of time there was the Orange network,
which at the star of the 1930s was renamed the Pacific network, which
broadcasted shows from the Red network and the Blue network to the west
coast. Meantime, the international short wave network was called the White
network.
In 1933, NBC moved to its
headquarters in the RCA Building (now GE Building) in the Rockefeller
Center. On April 30, 1939 NBC started its first regular TV service
although it wasn´t until 1941 when WNBT (now WNBC) obtained the first
commercial television license. WNBT began its broadcasts on July 1st,
1941. Also in 1941 the FCC decreed that no owner could operate more than
one network and NBC was forced to divest itself of one of its networks. In
1943, NBC sold its Blue network to Edward J. Noble, which in 1945 was
renamed ABC, American Broadcasting Company. On November 17, 1946 NBC
television resumed its broadcasts. On January 14, 1952 morning television
began with the launch of Today. In 1953 NBC broadcasted its first
programme in color using the NTSC system, developed by RCA, although it
wasn´t until 1965 when NBC broadcasted all its programs in color. In 1984
it began broadcasting in stereo and on September 1988 NBC sold its radio
network and its own radio stations to Westwood One exiting the radio
business and focusing exclusively on the television business (later, NBC
Radio was merged with Mutual, which closed at the beginning of 1998 and
that same year, Westwood One bought CBS Radio).
In the 1990´s, NBC
expanded into cable and launched its international channels. On April 17,
1989 it launched the Consumer News Business Channel (CNBC) and on May 21,
1991 it merged CNBC with the Financial News Network renaming it CNBC. In
1993 it bought the European channel SuperChannel (which was renamed NBC
SuperChannel and now it´s NBC Europe) and in July 1996, in partnership
with Microsoft, it launched MSNBC. Also in 1996, NBC began broadcasting
CNBC Europe, NBC Asia and CNBC Asia and in 1998 in partnership with Dow
Jones & Co. they combined their financial news channels outside US.
Finally, in 2002, NBC acquired the US Spanish-language broadcaster
Telemundo and the cable channel Bravo.
On October 8, 2003,
General Electric Company ("GE"), National Broadcasting Company Holding,
Inc., National Broadcasting Company, Inc. ("NBC"), Universal Studios
Holding III Corp. and Vivendi Universal entered into a Business
Combination Agreement and related agreements providing for the combination
of NBC and Vivendi Universal Entertainment LLLP ("VUE") (owner of the
movie and television business of Vivendi Universal) to form a new company
to be called NBC Universal, Inc. ("NBC Universal").
On May 11, 2004, all the
transactions were completed, leading to the creation of NBC Universal,
Inc. Vivendi Universal received €8,002 million (€3,073 million in cash and
€4,929 million in the form of a 20% interest in NBC Universal). Vivendi
Universal initially holds three out of 15 seats on the board of directors
of NBCU.
In connection with the
Business Combination Agreement, Vivendi Universal contributed all the
capital stock of Universal Studios, Inc. ("Universal"), to a subsidiary of
NBC. Previously, all the music entities owned by Universal, were
transferred to Universal Studios Holding I Corp. In addition, Vivendi
Universal expanded VUE’s relationship with DreamWorks Pictures for seven
years, and Universal Music Group acquired DreamWorks Records for €94
million in January 2004.
Subsequently, on June 7,
2005, IAC/InterActiveCorp. sold its 5.44% common interest and its
preferred interests in VUE to NBC Universal for total consideration of
approximately $3.4 billion.
NBC Universal is owned by
General Electric Company (80%), Vivendi Universal S.A. (18.5%) and
Matsushita Electronic Industrial Co. Ltd. (1.5%).
Ownership structure of
NBC Universal:
 ©Pablo
Zabalo Goñi.
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